All calves should have access to cow’s colostrum within 12 hours of birth. Colostrum aids with the development of calf immunity, passing the first faeces (meconium), reduces diarrhoea and is a superior source of nutrients. After 12 hours antibody absorption in the calf markedly deteriorates, reducing the benefit of colostrum intake.
Calves should be fed at least 2 litres of colostrum in the first 4 hours of life and at least 1.7 litres of colostrum per feed for 4 feeds over the next 36 - 48 hours. If cow colostrum is not available, artificial colostrum should be sourced.
Once colostrum has been given the calf can then be reared on a commercial milk replacement (readily available from most stock feed agencies). Milk should be fed warmed at 39-40 degrees celsius for the first 3 weeks of life. Water should also be made readily available at all times.
Volume to Feed (Milk or Milk Replacer)
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Day 1
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Colostrum only
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Target 10% BWT (approx 4L) within 6hrs then another 2-4L 12 hours after birth
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Days 2-3
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Milk replacer
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10% BWT daily over 4 feeds (at least 4L total)
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Days 4-6
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Milk replacer
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10% BWT daily over 2 feeds (at least 4L total)
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Once daily feeding can be introduced from 10 days of age
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BWT = calf bodyweight
Tips to Remember:
- Growth rates in calves should be balanced.
- Calves should be encouraged to eat dry food as soon as possible. Calf starter pellets can be introduced from 3 days of age. Always provide ad lib access to good quality hay and fresh water.
- Weaning can be as early as 8 weeks of age, but the calf needs to be weaned on to a supplement of grain unless it has access to very good spring grass / clover pasture.
